The reform of Portugal’s nationality law now stands on shaky ground ahead of its final parliamentary vote, with the government still unable to guarantee the 116-vote qualified majority required for approval. Right-wing party Chega has declined to reach a full agreement with the PSD and CDS, while the Socialist Party (PS) has confirmed its opposition — leaving the proposal caught between divided blocs and fragile alliances.
If rejected or delayed, the decision could have far-reaching consequences for thousands of foreign residents, investors, and immigrant families waiting to apply for Portuguese nationality. The proposed reform seeks to redefine the residency period, the criteria of integration, and the rights of long-term immigrants, but political divisions now threaten to stall or reshape one of Portugal’s most significant nationality reforms in recent years.
While the PSD has shown openness to negotiating adjustments to the government’s proposal, it faces mounting pressure from the CDS to preserve stricter conditions for citizenship. The far-right Chega remains internally divided and has rejected a unified deal, pushing instead for tougher requirements and emphasizing “national identity.” On the left, the Socialist Party (PS) and the Left Bloc (BE) have condemned what they call exclusionary reforms, arguing that the law should continue to promote integration and equal access to citizenship. The Communist Party (PCP) has voiced similar concerns, while Liberal Initiative (IL) has called for a simpler, predictable legal framework for long-term residents and foreign investors seeking stability in Portugal.
As parliamentary negotiations continue, Portugal finds itself at a crossroads between preserving its tradition of openness and responding to new political pressures for control. Whether the proposal passes or collapses, the debate has already revealed a deep divide over what it means to belong — and who gets to call Portugal home.